منابع مشابه
Does antisense make sense of AID targeting?
V ertebrates make high-affinity antibodies to protect themselves against pathogenic organisms and their products. The generation of these antibodies requires the highly mutagenic enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) (1). AID deaminates dC to dU in ssDNA, and this mutation recruits additional error-prone repair to carry out somatic hypermutation (SHM) of the antibody variable (V) r...
متن کاملFood Aid Targeting in Ethiopia: A Study of Household Food Insecurity and Food Aid Distributions
Introduction For more than two decades, annual distributions of hundreds of thousands of metric tons of food aid have been channeled into safety net programs designed to alleviate the impact of food shortages in Ethiopia. Despite the massive size and duration of this effort, there remain many unanswered questions about its effectiveness and about its longer-term impact on the population it is d...
متن کاملUnderstanding and Improving Food Aid Targeting in Rural Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Governments and donor agencies have been grappling for decades with how to design and implement food aid programs in developing countries. Despite the enormity of cross-country food aid transfers, which were running as high as 15 million tons annually during the early 1990s, very little is known regarding how well food aid is targeted to intended beneficiaries by local governments a...
متن کاملMolecular targeting of mutagenic AID and APOBEC deaminases
Purposeful genomic mutation mediates critical aspects of both adaptive and innate immunity. A physiological role for purposeful mutation is best illustrated by the AID/APOBEC family of enzymes, which can deaminate cytosine to introduce rogue uracil bases into DNA. In adaptive immunity, introduction of unnatural uracil into the immunoglobulin locus by activation-induced deaminase (AID) seeds the...
متن کاملNon-coding RNA Generated following Lariat Debranching Mediates Targeting of AID to DNA
Transcription through immunoglobulin switch (S) regions is essential for class switch recombination (CSR), but no molecular function of the transcripts has been described. Likewise, recruitment of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to S regions is critical for CSR; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that intronic switch RNA acts in tra...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Medicine
سال: 2007
ISSN: 1540-9538,0022-1007
DOI: 10.1084/jem.2041iti4